Tongfang Academy
Micro Party Class · Issue 322
Bravely and steadily forging ahead in tackling the unique challenges faced by major political parties.
“Theoretical cultivation is the core of the comprehensive quality of Party members and cadres. Theoretical maturity is the foundation for political maturity, and political steadfastness stems from theoretical clarity.” For Party members and cadres, fostering a fine academic style and strengthening theoretical education are both fundamental requirements for cultivating Party spirit and an inescapable political responsibility.
Tongfang Law Firm provides all its lawyers with learning opportunities in the form of micro-party classes, thereby enhancing their ideological and political awareness as well as their spirit of learning and inquiry. By establishing a long-term educational mechanism, the firm has created a new platform for self-education and self-improvement.
To govern a country, we must first govern the Party; only when the Party thrives can the nation become strong. The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: “As the world’s largest Marxist ruling party, our Party must always win the support of the people and consolidate its long-term ruling status by remaining ever vigilant and firm in addressing the unique challenges faced by a large party.” Addressing these unique challenges facing a large party is not only a crucial hurdle that must be overcome to fulfill the Party’s mission and tasks in the new era and on the new journey, but also a tough nut that must be cracked if we are to fully enforce strict governance over the Party in response to new situations and new requirements. In January 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping, at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, provided a systematic exposition of what it means to remain ever vigilant and firm in addressing the unique challenges faced by a large party, using the phrase “six ‘how to always’”—a statement that fully reflects the deepening understanding of the laws governing Party building and provides a fundamental guideline for governing and administering the Party in the new era.
The “Six Hows to Always” serve as a comprehensive summary and generalization of the core issues unique to large political parties. They not only identify the root causes and main manifestations of these challenges but also clearly outline the fundamental directions and practical pathways for addressing them. This framework represents a holistic portrayal of Party-building issues in the new era. These six aspects, each with its own focus yet interconnected, profoundly reflect the wholeness, interrelation, and coupling inherent in the unique challenges faced by large political parties. Moreover, they highlight the systematic, comprehensive, and unified approach required to tackle these challenges, collectively forming a complete logical chain for overcoming them. On the new journey of the new era, we must deeply grasp both the theoretical breakthroughs and practical measures emerging from addressing these unique challenges faced by large political parties, gain a profound understanding of the general laws governing party governance and their underlying value implications, and thereby provide strong guarantees for advancing the cause of Chinese-style modernization.
Solidify the Foundation for the Development of a Great Party: Uphold Firm Ideals and Beliefs to Ensure That the Party Always Remains True to Its Original Aspiration and Keeps Its Mission in Mind.
Staying true to our original aspiration and keeping our mission firmly in mind represents the organic unity of the Party’s intrinsic nature as a Marxist political party and its external manifestations. As the very foundation of the Party, this commitment directly determines the practical realization of the Party’s nature and purpose. Since its inception, the Party has consistently regarded striving for the happiness of the Chinese people and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and mission. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “For an individual or a political party, what is most precious is to remain true to one’s original aspiration despite vicissitudes and to preserve one’s original character despite hardships.” Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee—with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—has been tackling the unique challenge faced by a large party: how to stay true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind. Through groundbreaking theoretical innovations and powerful, pragmatic measures, the Party has guided all its members to firmly remember the Party’s nature and purpose, strengthen their ideals and convictions, and always maintain a close bond with the people. This has profoundly demonstrated the dialectical unity between the Party’s character and the people’s character.
To always “remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind” means continuing to put into practice and properly answer the fundamental question: “What is the Communist Party of China, and what does it aim to achieve?” The Communist Party of China has continuously deepened its understanding of this question and has developed a systematic theoretical framework. From the call in the report to the 20th National Congress—“We must remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind”—to the emphasis at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection—“How can we always remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind?”—and further to the crucial instruction delivered at the opening of the training program for middle- and young-aged cadres at the Central Party School (National Academy of Administration) in the spring semester of 2024—that “young cadres must firmly bear in mind their original aspiration and mission”—the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has repeatedly underscored the importance of the issues of original aspiration and mission. This emphasis is strikingly relevant to the current reality and aims to strengthen the entire Party’s commitment to putting the original aspiration into practice and consciously shouldering its mission through unwavering adherence to our ideals and convictions.
Upholding the principle of "never forgetting our original aspiration and keeping our mission firmly in mind" is an enduring task for strengthening Party building and a lifelong commitment for all Party members and cadres. The Communist Party of China has adopted a series of powerful measures to promote firm ideals and convictions across the Party at the ideological, behavioral, and institutional levels. First, we have strengthened Party spirit education and cultivation, conducting regular, concentrated Party-wide educational activities. In 2024, we launched Party discipline study and education throughout the Party, establishing and improving long-term mechanisms for forging souls through study, enhancing wisdom through study, rectifying conduct through study, and promoting action through study. These mechanisms guide all Party members to consciously become steadfast believers and practitioners of the Party’s innovative theories, always maintaining the political integrity of Communists. Second, we have closely connected with the masses and put into practice the Party’s purpose by going deep into the grassroots and gaining a thorough understanding of people’s sentiments, thereby effectively addressing the most pressing, direct, and realistic interests of the people and further strengthening the Party’s flesh-and-blood bond with the masses. Third, we have established systems for never forgetting our original aspiration and keeping our mission firmly in mind, integrating these principles into the daily work and life of Party members and cadres through institutionalized approaches. This ensures that the vast majority of Party members and cadres consistently align their thoughts and actions with their original aspirations and remain true to their missions, thus providing solid political guarantees and ideological foundations for the development of the Party in the new era.
Mobilizing the Mighty Strength of a Great Party: By Promoting Unity and Solidarity, We Ensure That the Party Always Remains Unified in Thought, Will, and Action.
Unifying thought, will, and action is a crucial manifestation of the Party’s political strengths and distinctive features, and also the very source of strength and key to its continuous victories. The reason why the Communist Party of China has grown from a small party of just a few dozen members into a massive party with over 99 million members—and continues to achieve victory after victory and create great historical achievements—lies in the Party’s strong leadership and unity. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “With a party as large as ours, with so many party organizations and members, if everyone were to act independently, make decisions on their own, do whatever they please, or refuse to do anything at all, our party would surely fall apart.” As the Party’s size continues to expand, with an ever-growing number of members and an extensive distribution of party organizations, these factors pose significant challenges to party governance and management. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee—with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—has attached great importance to enhancing the Party’s unity and solidarity, promoting a profound understanding throughout the Party of the decisive significance of the “Two Establishments,” strengthening the “Four Consciousnesses,” bolstering the “Four Confidences,” and ensuring the “Two Upholds,” thereby pooling tremendous strength to advance the cause of Chinese-style modernization.
Consistently aligning thoughts, will, and actions means clearly defining a strong leadership core and a scientifically sound guiding ideology. Faced with this challenging task, the Communist Party of China has demonstrated outstanding theoretical wisdom and core thinking. In 2021, the "Resolution of the CPC Central Committee on Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle" groundbreakingly put forward the significant political proposition of “establishing two firm convictions.” In January 2024, at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the requirement of “nine ‘with’” was reiterated, once again emphasizing the importance of firmly upholding the “two firm convictions” and resolutely safeguarding the “two safeguards.” As a result, the Party has not only established a clear leadership core but also fostered theoretical innovation and guidance, providing the entire Party with a common ideological foundation and thus offering fundamental guidelines for ideological, political, and practical unity within the Party.
Consistently achieving unity of thought, unity of will, and unity of action is a practical requirement for the Party as the leading force in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. To this end, the Party has adopted a series of measures to promote unity and solidarity across multiple dimensions, including strengthening leadership, enhancing organizational development, and enforcing strict discipline. First, we have upheld and reinforced the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. In 2020, we issued the "Regulations on the Work of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China," and in June 2024, we released the "Outline for the Construction of Party and Government Leadership Teams Nationwide (2024–2028)," guiding all Party members to maintain high consistency with the Party Central Committee in terms of ideology, politics, and action. Second, we have continuously advanced organizational development by establishing and improving the Party’s organizational structure and working mechanisms, removing various bottlenecks and obstacles within the organizational system, and constantly enhancing the organizational capacity and combat effectiveness of grassroots Party organizations, thereby ensuring that the Party’s decisions and deployments can be swiftly communicated and effectively implemented. Third, we have strictly enforced political discipline and political norms. Taking Party discipline study and education as an opportunity, we have placed disciplinary development in an even more prominent position, educating and guiding Party members and cadres to learn about discipline, understand discipline, clearly recognize discipline, and abide by discipline, ensuring that all Party members at every level know what they should and should not do, and strictly obey orders and prohibitions. In doing so, we have forged the broadest possible consensus and unleashed the deepest possible strength for the Party’s unity, solidarity, and the advancement of its cause.
Strengthening the governing capacity of a major political party: By bolstering capacity-building, we ensure that the Party always possesses robust governance capabilities and a high level of leadership.
Possessing strong governance capacity and leadership competence is not only an essential requirement for Marxist political parties that aim at long-term rule, but also a practical imperative for those tasked with the mission of socialist modernization. On both the governance and leadership fronts, these qualities profoundly influence the Party’s ability to maintain its long-term ruling status. A political party’s governance capacity and leadership competence are not innate; rather, they evolve continuously over time in response to developments in social and historical processes. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “As a century-old party that has been in power for a long time, it is inevitable that cognitive inertia and behavioral laziness will emerge. Some old ideas, old practices, and old methods tend to become habitual over time. Meanwhile, as the Party’s ranks continue to grow and expand, we inevitably see a mix of high-quality and less-than-ideal cadres, with varying levels of competence.” For this reason, since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee—with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—has regarded strengthening the Party’s long-term governance capacity as a major strategic task. It has engaged in deep reflection and practical exploration on how to enhance governance capacity and how to bolster leadership competence, thereby making the Party even stronger and more resilient through revolutionary forging.
To consistently possess strong governance capabilities and leadership competence, we must continually deepen our understanding of the laws governing governance and the level of Party leadership. Faced with the ever-emerging new knowledge and new developments, the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC put forward clear requirements from eight aspects on comprehensively enhancing governance competence and continuously improving the Party’s governance capabilities and leadership standards. The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized the need to build a high-quality cadre team capable of shouldering the great responsibility of national rejuvenation. Moreover, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC further proposed focusing on enhancing the Party’s leadership competence and long-term governance capacity, as well as innovating and improving leadership and governance approaches. All these represent significant theoretical innovations arising from our Party’s ongoing deepening of its self-building experience and its understanding of the laws governing governance, providing a scientific guide for further strengthening the Party’s governance capabilities and elevating its leadership standards.
To consistently maintain strong governance capacity and leadership competence, we must continuously strengthen capacity-building among Party members and cadres, ensuring that the Party remains the steadfast core leader of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, we must continually improve the Party’s leadership institutional framework by refining and rigorously implementing the specific systems under the principle of democratic centralism, enhancing the Party Central Committee’s leadership over major tasks, and revising local Party committee work regulations and Party group work regulations, thereby elevating the Party’s capacity for scientific, democratic, and law-based governance. Second, we must earnestly reinforce the building of the cadre team by intensifying theoretical study and practical training. We have successively issued documents such as the “Regulations on Cadre Education and Training” and the “Regulations on the Education and Management of Communist Party Members,” promoting the institutionalization and normalization of daily Party education. In 2024, we held a concluding conference on the thematic education campaign to study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and issued the “Notice on Carrying Out Party Discipline Study and Education Throughout the Party,” thereby enhancing the modernization capabilities of leading cadres in concrete educational practices. Third, we must innovate and improve the Party’s leadership and governance approaches, strengthening internet-based thinking and leveraging information technology to perceive social trends, facilitate communication channels, and support scientific decision-making. We must emphasize the construction of a community with a shared future in cyberspace, thereby continuously bolstering the Party’s political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organizational capacity, and social appeal.
Forever Upholding the Vigorous Momentum of a Great Party: By Inspiring a Passion for Struggle, We Ensure That the Party Always Maintains a Spirit of Entrepreneurship and Achievement.
The spirit of striving and getting things done, as a practical manifestation of a proactive and enterprising mindset, profoundly influences the entire process of the Party’s development and construction—and even more so, it shapes the entire course of advancing the cause of the Party and the country. History has taught us that the Party’s ability to overcome various risks and challenges and continuously achieve new accomplishments stems precisely from its powerful spirit of revolutionary zeal combined with relentless dedication. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “It is not easy to remain vigilant and prepared for potential dangers even when one has achieved success and fame, and to maintain the same zealous and diligent spirit one had in the early days of starting a venture.” Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee—with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—has, based on a clear understanding of the pressing realities facing the pursuit of innovation and entrepreneurship, used a series of theoretical summaries and concrete practices to inspire Party members and cadres to be more enthusiastic, proactive, and creative, thereby boosting the morale and fighting spirit of the entire Party. As a result, Party members and cadres have truly come to “want to get things done, be capable of getting things done, and succeed in getting things done—constantly addressing problems and overcoming difficulties.”
Consistently upholding the spirit of striving and entrepreneurship essentially calls upon the entire Party—from top to bottom—to remain vigilant and, with the spirit of carrying the revolution through to the end, continuously push forward the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Our Party has always remained keenly aware of the importance of maintaining this spirit of striving and entrepreneurship. In the report to the 20th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping cautioned the entire Party with the “three musts,” emphasizing that we must summon up the vigor and determination needed to embark on a new journey and forge ahead in the new era. During his inspection tour of Hubei in November 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping further pointed out: “We must closely focus on strengthening Party building by deepening reform and promoting development, thereby boosting the vigor and determination of Party members and cadres to strive and accomplish their tasks.” It is precisely these important pronouncements that have provided the entire Party with powerful ideological weapons, greatly invigorating the cadre队伍’s spirit of bold advancement and proactive responsibility.
Consistently maintaining a spirit of entrepreneurship and dedication means continuously igniting the passion for struggle in the great practice of advancing Chinese-style modernization, thereby providing stronger spiritual impetus for the development of the Party and the country. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always attached great importance to the crucial role of spiritual civilization construction in practical endeavors, adopting a series of concrete measures to stimulate the intrinsic motivation of Party members and cadres to work and start businesses. First, we are promoting the spiritual lineage of the Communist Party of China by organizing various forms of study and education, vigorously upholding the spirit of carrying the revolution through to the end. We are educating and guiding the entire Party to carry forward red traditions, inherit the red gene, and continue the spiritual bloodline of communists. Second, we are improving the incentive mechanisms for work and entrepreneurship. At the Central Economic Work Conference in December 2024, it was pointed out that we should strengthen positive incentives to unleash the intrinsic motivation for work and entrepreneurship. The Party has implemented the requirement of “three distinctions,” issuing in May 2024 the “Opinions on Further Encouraging Cadres to Take New Responsibilities and Achieve New Results in the New Era,” thereby establishing and perfecting mechanisms for tolerating mistakes and correcting them, as well as mechanisms for evaluating and assessing cadres, thus creating a favorable environment and positive atmosphere for work and entrepreneurship. Third, we are reinforcing the orientation toward selecting and employing people based on their commitment to work and entrepreneurship. At the National Conference of Organization Ministers in February 2024, it was clearly stated that we must “establish and practice a correct view of political achievements” and “lead the orientation toward work and entrepreneurship with a proper approach to personnel selection,” paying close attention to selecting cadres who dare to take responsibility and are good at getting things done. Through concerted efforts involving both theoretical breakthroughs and practical initiatives, the entire Party has fostered a sound and upright atmosphere characterized by integrity and a strong commitment to work and entrepreneurship.
Demonstrating the great Party’s clarity in self-reflection: By focusing on prominent issues, we ensure that the Party can always promptly identify and address its own problems.
Daring to confront problems head-on and promptly addressing the issues within ourselves is the practical process through which the Party, as a Marxist political party, continuously hones its resolve. It is also a distinctive feature and strength of the Party’s over-a-century-long journey of struggle. As global conditions, national circumstances, and Party conditions undergo profound changes, the problems and challenges facing the Party have become increasingly diverse. How to promptly identify and address our own shortcomings in the course of developing the Party and the country has become a major challenge. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “With such a large Party, occupying a position of governance and controlling governing resources, it is all too easy, under the dazzling glow of its governance achievements, to overlook one’s own inadequacies and ignore one’s own problems, thus falling into the predicament of ‘it’s easier to revolutionize others than to revolutionize oneself.’” Therefore, since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has consistently adhered to a problem-oriented approach, squarely confronting the “four major tests” and “four types of dangers.” Starting from the most difficult areas and focusing efforts there, the Party has made remarkable theoretical and practical innovations to tackle the severe challenges and prominent problems facing it, thereby making the Party stronger and more resilient in its revolutionary forging in the new era.
Consistently identifying and addressing problems within itself in a timely manner is an essential requirement for the Party to maintain its advanced nature and purity, and also serves as the practical driving force behind continuous theoretical innovation amid periods of stability and vigilance. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee—with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—has consistently adhered to a problem-oriented approach, drawing on more than a century of the Party’s struggle experience. In the course of theoretical and practical development in the new era, it has put forward an innovative conceptual framework of “self-revolution,” constructing a theoretical whole that is internally interconnected and dialectically unified from both theoretical and practical perspectives. From the initial proposal of the concept of “self-revolution” in 2015, through its integration into the practical application of social development following the 19th National Congress of the Party, to the systematic elaboration of self-revolution at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the conceptual framework of self-revolution has continuously evolved alongside the development of the Party and the country, making significant contributions to the advancement of party theory.
The key to consistently identifying and addressing our own problems in a timely manner lies in broadening our perspective for detecting issues, adopting a candid attitude toward confronting them, and mastering the skills needed to analyze and resolve these problems. Our Party has adopted a series of powerful measures, guided by a strong problem-oriented approach, to ensure that we can promptly identify and address our own shortcomings. First, we have established and improved institutional mechanisms for promptly detecting and resolving problems. The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China explicitly emphasized the need to establish mechanisms that uphold truth, correct errors, identify problems, and rectify deviations—thus enabling us, within the framework of these institutions, to promptly detect and continuously eliminate any factors that undermine the Party’s advanced nature and purity through means such as meetings and resolutions. Second, we have strengthened the system of power oversight. We issued the "Regulations on the Work of the Discipline Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of China," deepened the reform of the national supervision system, and established a coordinated, top-down and bottom-up inspection and巡察 mechanism. We have continuously reinforced disciplinary enforcement and oversight, ensuring that power oversight leaves no blind spots and achieves full coverage. Third, we have earnestly promoted public oversight. In 2023, we set up the Central Department of Social Work to strengthen the Party’s leadership over mass petitioning and complaint handling. In 2024, we released the "2024 Annual Supervision Work Plan of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress," effectively integrating public oversight with self-supervision and continually enhancing the Party’s capacity for self-correction.
Fostering a Clean and Upright Atmosphere within the Party: Ensuring that the Party Always Maintains a Political Environment of Integrity and Transparency Through Strengthening Party Conduct and Integrity Building.
The political ecosystem is the overall state formed by the comprehensive interaction of various elements within a political system. It serves as a holistic reflection of party ethos, governmental conduct, and social norms, profoundly influencing the vitality and dynamism of a political party. Maintaining a clean and upright political ecosystem is not only a powerful guarantee for our Party to unite and lead all ethnic groups across the country in arduous endeavors but also a distinct hallmark that sets our Party apart from other political parties. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “When the political ecosystem is sound, people’s hearts are aligned and integrity prevails; when it is unhealthy, people become dispirited and corruption abounds.” Like the natural ecosystem, the political ecosystem can easily become polluted if we are not careful. Once problems arise, restoring it will entail enormous costs. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has regarded purifying the intra-party political ecosystem as a fundamental and foundational issue in Party building. With unprecedented courage and determination, it has pushed forward comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in greater depth, putting an end to some longstanding malpractices that had long resisted rectification and resolving many chronic and stubborn problems that had remained unresolved for years. As a result, a clean and upright intra-party political ecosystem has continuously taken shape and developed.
Maintaining a political environment characterized by integrity and uprightness requires clarifying the intrinsic link between the political ecosystem and Party building as well as the development of our undertakings. With strong theoretical awareness, we must continuously foster a sound political ecosystem in practice. From emphasizing that "conducting serious intra-Party political life and purifying the intra-Party political ecosystem are essential components of the great struggle and the great project," to stressing the need to "unblock its sources, nurture its forests, cultivate upright ethos, and consolidate its foundations—pursuing this goal tenaciously and with sustained effort," and further to calling for "developing a positive and healthy intra-Party political culture and comprehensively purifying the intra-Party political ecosystem"—General Secretary Xi Jinping has elucidated from multiple angles the profound significance of safeguarding the intra-Party political ecosystem. This represents a deepened understanding of the laws governing the Party’s governance and provides a fundamental guideline for all Party members at every level to jointly uphold a political environment marked by integrity and uprightness.
Maintaining a political environment characterized by integrity and uprightness requires continuously advancing the building of Party conduct and clean governance throughout the operation of party politics, adopting strong measures that address multiple fronts simultaneously, exerting sustained efforts, and achieving lasting success over the long term. The Party consistently demonstrates its firm self-awareness and determination to turn the knife inward, constantly driving the development of the political ecosystem in greater depth. First, we must strictly enforce political life within the Party. Through democratic life meetings, organizational life meetings, and heart-to-heart talks, we enhance communication among Party members, actively engage in criticism and self-criticism, adhere to the principle of “unity—criticism—unity,” and promptly identify and resolve problems. Second, we must uphold strict discipline, rectify conduct, and combat corruption. The "Work Plan of the Central Coordination Group for Anti-Corruption (2023–2027)" has been issued, and we remain committed to conducting an anti-corruption campaign that leaves no forbidden zones, covers all areas comprehensively, and adopts zero tolerance. In the first half of 2024 alone, disciplinary inspection and supervision authorities nationwide handled 971,000 leads, initiated investigations into 405,000 cases, and imposed disciplinary sanctions on 332,000 individuals. We persist in promoting, in a coordinated manner, deterrence against corruption, the establishment of systems that make corruption impossible, and the cultivation of an attitude that deters corruption through education and awareness. As a result, the fight against corruption has achieved an overwhelming victory and has been fully consolidated. Third, we must develop a political culture within the Party. Documents such as the "Code of Conduct for Integrity and Self-Discipline of the Communist Party of China" and the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of a Culture of Integrity in the New Era" have been successively issued and implemented. We vigorously promote values such as loyalty and honesty, fairness and impartiality, seeking truth from facts, and integrity and incorruptibility, continuously strengthening the construction of a culture of integrity, upholding righteous principles, and fostering a new ethos. By nurturing a sound political culture, we can further deepen the development of the political ecosystem and ensure that it remains clean and upright.
Source | People's Daily Online, Official Website for Party History Study and Education
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Tongfang Academy Micro-Party Class, Issue 321: Putting the Original Aspiration of Judicial Service to the People into Practice with Our Lives—Remembering Han Xuhui, a National Model Judge
